锆基金属有机骨架材料：缺陷调控、表征及化学防护应用研究进展

锆基金属有机骨架（Zr-MOFs）材料不仅具备比表面积大、孔隙率高及易功能化等特点，还具有简单丰富的合成方法和优异的稳定性，在气体吸附、气体分离、催化、传感等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。适当程度的缺陷可以在不破坏Zr-MOFs结构的前提下改变其理化性质，显著提高吸附、催化等性能。通过缺陷工程（Defect engineering）调控材料的缺陷结构，利用多种技术手段精确表征缺陷信息，推进缺陷化Zr-MOFs在特定领域的实际应用具有重要的意义。本文介绍了Zr-MOFs缺陷调控的主要方法：包括模板法和合成后修饰法；论述了缺陷表征的常用手段，并对不同技术手段的优缺点展开讨论；综述了缺陷化Zr-MOFs在化学防护领域中的应用：包括有毒工业化学品的吸附、化学战剂的催化降解、气体传感和分离，展望了其发展前景。

Progress on modulation, characterization and chemical defense of defects for Zr-based metal-organic framework

Zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) possess excellent advantages of large surface area, high porosity, easy functionalization, simple and rich synthesis methods, and outstanding stability, which manifest great application potential in the fields of gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, and sensing. The appropriate level of defects can change physicochemical properties without destroying the structure of Zr-MOFs, significantly improving adsorption and catalysis performance. The structure of defects can be modulated using defect engineering, and the precise defect information can be obtained through a combined use of different characterization techniques, which accelerate the practical applications of defective Zr-MOFs in specific fields. Herein, defect modulation strategies such as template method and post-synthetic modification method, and defect characterization techniques of Zr-MOFs are discussed in detail, the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques are further discussed. Progress on defective Zr-MOFs in the field of chemical defense has been reviewed, including adsorption of toxic industrial chemicals, catalytic degradation of chemical warfare agents, gas sensing and separation, and their future developments are prospected.