干旱区灌溉绿洲农业节水潜力形成机制与评估方法

农业节水潜力及其尺度效应是干旱区灌溉绿洲关心的焦点问题之一，对绿洲农业生产、水资源高效利用及生态健康至关重要。针对当前农业节水潜力计算及尺度效应形成机制不清等问题，本文明确了取水节水与耗水节水的概念及内涵，提出节水潜力问题不能忽略灌溉水外溢支撑的生态耗水及效益;从水循环视角解析了干旱灌溉绿洲农业灌溉水分在农田及农田之外的转化与消耗机制，分析了不同节水措施对水循环过程的影响机制，揭示了农业节水的尺度效应及其伴生生态系统响应背后的水循环机理;以此为理论基础，提出了不同环节、不同尺度农业节水潜力的计算方法，剖析了植株-田间-灌溉单元-绿洲不同尺度农业节水量的转化关系及转化项;最后提出了以植被健康、河湖稳定、水盐平衡为生态健康约束，基于水循环模型定量评价灌溉绿洲不同节水潜力的计算方法，能够为绿洲全局视角下科学评估农业节水潜力及影响提供新的思路和技术方法。

Formation mechanism and evaluation method of agriculture water-saving potential in irrigated oasis in arid regions

The agricultural water-saving potential and its scale effects are among the key concerns in irrigated oases of arid regions, which are crucial for oasis agricultural production, efficient utilization of water resources, and ecological health.To address the calculation of agricultural water-saving potential and the unclear formation mechanism of scale effects, this paper expounds the concepts and connotations of water intake-based water-saving and water consumption-based water-saving and proposes that the water-saving potential should not ignore the ecological water consumption and benefits supported by irrigation water overflow.In addition, this study also analyzes the transformation and consumption mechanism of irrigation water inside and outside the farmland in the arid irrigation oasis from the perspective of the water cycle.It evaluates the influence mechanisms of different water-saving measures on the water cycle processes, and reveals the water cycle mechanisms and related ecosystem response behind the scale effects of agricultural water-saving.Therefore, on the basis of this theory, the calculation methods of agricultural water-saving potential at different stages and scales are put forward, and the transformation relationship and transformation terms of agricultural water-saving at different scales of plant-field-irrigation-oasis are analyzed.Finally, based on the water cycle model, a quantitative evaluation and calculation method of different water-saving potential of irrigation oasis is put forward, which takes vegetation health, river and lake stability and water-salt balance as ecological health constraints.This study provides new ideas and technical methods for scientifically evaluating agricultural water-saving potential and its impacts from the global perspective of oases.