Novel visible photoinitiators systems for free-radical/cationic hybrid photopolymerization |
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| Affiliation: | 1. West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Polymer Institute, ul. Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland;2. West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Institute of Chemical Organic Technology, ul. Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland;1. College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China;2. Agricultural Product Processing Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhangjiang, 524001, China;1. University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA;2. Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA;1. Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b Rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France;2. Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands;3. AkzoNobel, Automotive & Aerospace Coatings, 2171AJ Sassenheim, The Netherlands;4. DSM Ahead BV Netherlands, P. O. Box 18, 6160MD Geleen, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Free radical/cationic hybrid photopolymerization of acrylates and epoxides was induced using an initiator system comprised of the dye derivative 5,12-dihydroquinoxalino2,3-b]quinoxaline or 5,12-dihydroquinoxalino2,3-b]pyridopyrazine as the sensitizers and hexafluoroantimonate triarylsulfonium salt as the initiators. The curing experiments were carried out in the presence of air and the consumption of each monomer upon VIS-radiation was monitored in situ by real-time infrared spectroscopy. Hardness (H), elastic modulus (E) and the H/E ratio of the coatings obtained by visible-initiated acrylate/epoxide hybrid photopolymerization were determined using nanoindentation. DSC measurements show that the initiator system presented here may produce an interpenetrating polymer network. The pencil hardness of the obtained coatings indicates that the dye/hexafluoroantimonate triarylsulfonium salts systems studied here may have practical applications as visible-light hybrid initiators. |
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