公民水素养评价表征因素模型构建与分析

针对我国水资源紧缺、水生态损害、水环境污染等相关水问题,以提升全民爱水惜水节水护水的意识和能力为目标,从水素养概念出发,通过扎根理论质性研究方法对公民水素养评价的表征因素进行筛选和提炼,最终得出包含水知识、水态度、水行为为主范畴的10个表征因素并运用解释结构模型(ISM)深入剖析各因素之间的内在联系。在此基础上建立了3级多层次递阶结构模型,进一步精确描述系统各要素两两之间的直接关系。结果表明:公民水素养评价的表征因素自上而下形成了表象层、中间层和根源层等3个层级,可直观、清晰地反映表征因素之间的递阶、层级关系;水态度在各表征因素中具有调节作用以及各表征因素之间存在内在逻辑关系。研究成果为提高公民水素养水平提供一定的科学依据和政策参考。

Construction and analysis of characterization factor model for evaluating water literacy of citizens

Aiming at the problems related to water shortage，water ecological damage，water environment pollution，etc. in China and taking the enhancement of the citizen＇s awareness and ability of water conservation and water saving as the study objective，the characterization factors for evaluating the water literacy of citizens are screened and refined through the method of grounded theory from the concept of the water literacy of citizens，from which 10 characterization factors with the fundamental categories of water knowledge，water attitude and water action are finally obtained，and then the internal relations among all the factors are deeply analyzed with the interpretative structural model ( ISM) . On the basis of this，a three-level multi-hierarchical structure model is established for further and accurately describing the direct relationships in between all the factors of the system. The result shows that the characterization factors for evaluating the water literacy of citizens form three levels from top to bottom，i. e. imagery layer，intermediate layer and root layer，from which the hierarchical relationships in between the characterization factors can be intuitively and clearly reflected，in which the water attitude has a regulation role among all the characterization factors and the intrinsic logical relationships are there in between all the characterization factors. The study result provides a certain scientific basis and policy reference for improving citizens＇water literacy.