基于生态位及其熵值模型的陕西省渭河流域用水结构特征

为了阐明陕西省渭河流域用水结构特征,实现水资源的合理配置,以该区域七市一区为研究对象,基于2001—2016年的用水数据,利用生态位理论构建了用水结构生态位及其熵值模型,揭示了各行政区用水结构及其相对于陕西省、全国的演变态势。结果表明:(1)七市一区农业用水生态位最高,工业、生活用水生态位次之;行政区间各用水类型生态位存在明显差异,其中渭南市、榆林市农业用水生态位级别最高,铜川市、延安市工业用水生态位级别最高,西安市在生活用水与城镇公共用水方面级别最高。(2)行政区各用水类型生态位宽度普遍大于陕西省及全国,其中农业用水生态位宽度分别是陕西省与全国的1. 15～2. 62、1. 36～3. 09倍,工业用水生态位宽度分别是陕西省与全国的0. 75～4. 13、0. 86～4. 71倍,反映出区域用水结构处于调整阶段且工、农业用水调整力度大于陕西省及全国平均水平。(3)相较于全国,陕西省农业用水与城镇公共用水处于扩充状态,生活用水与工业用水处于压缩状态;相较于陕西省,不同行政区各用水类型有扩充也有压缩。运用生态位理论能够全面、直观地反映陕西省渭河流域行政区用水结构的变化,方法简便、实用,具有可推广性。

Ecological niche and its entropy model-based characteristics of water consumption structure of Weihe Ｒiver Basin in Shaanxi Province

In order to expound the water consumption structure characteristics of the Weihe Ｒiver Basin in Shaanxi Province，and realize the reasonable allocation of water resources，the ecological niche and its entropy model of the water consumption structure are established with ecological niche theory in accordance with the water consumption data of 2001 ～ 2016 by taking the study area consisted of 7 cities and 1 district as the study object，and then the water consumption structures of all the administrative regions therein and their evolution trends relative to those of Shaanxi Province and the whole country are revealed. The result shows that (1) so far as the ecological niche is concerned，the agricultural water use is the highest，while the industrial and domestic water uses are the secondary within the study area; in which the grades of the ecological niche of the agricultural water use in Weinan and Yulin are the highest，the grades of the ecological niche of the industrial water use in Tongchuan and Yanan are the highest and the grades of the ecological niches of domestic water use and pubic water use are the highest in Xi’an. (2) the ecological niche widths of all kinds of the water use in the administrative regions therein are generally larger than those in Shaanxi Province and the whole country，in which the ecological niche width of agricultural water use is 1. 15 ～ 2. 62 and 1. 36 ～ 3. 09 times of Shaanxi Province and the whole country respectively and the ecological niche width of industrial water use is 0. 75 ～ 4. 13 and 0. 86 ～ 4. 71 times of Shaanxi Province and the whole country respectively，which reflects the status quo of that the regional water use structure is in an adjusting phase and the adjusting strengths of industrial and agricultural water uses are larger than those of Shaanxi Province and the whole country. (3) Compared with the whole country，the agricultural water use and the urban pubic water use are in the expanding statuses，while the domestic and industrial water uses are in the compressive statuses. Compared with Shaanxi Province，some of all kinds of water use in different administrative regions are expanded and some of them are compressed. The application of the ecological niche theory can fully and visually reflect the variation of the water consumption structure of the administrative region of Weihe Ｒiver Basin in Shaanxi Province，while the method is simple and practicable and has better generalizability.