早期溢流及漏失的新型及时高精度监测计量系统

溢流和漏失是影响油气钻井施工安全的最为严重的两种复杂情况,常用的溢流和漏失监测方法存在着监测不及时、溢流漏失总量计量精度低的缺陷,有可能因为发现不及时或者处理不当而造成井塌、卡钻、井喷等复杂事故。为此,在对比分析钻井现场常用的几种溢流和漏失监测方法的基础上,设计出了一种具备早期监测报警、溢流漏失速度和漏失总量计量以及自动灌浆功能的新型溢流漏失监测计量系统,并通过室内实验验证了该系统的可靠性。研究结果表明:(1)该系统的监测罐被分割为主、副两个腔室,井筒返出钻井液一部分通过主腔室返回振动筛,另一部分溢流进入副腔室;(2)副腔室内部横截面积小,大大提高了液位变化反应的灵敏度,能够更加及时地发现溢流和漏失;(3)主腔室出口管线水头保持不变,出口流量稳定,通过副腔室内液位的变化可以定量地计算溢流漏失速度和溢流漏失总量,溢流漏失速度监测误差小于8%;(4)起钻过程中,监测罐内钻井液在自重作用下进入井筒,可以始终保持井筒满液位,消除了灌浆不及时和灌浆不满的不良现象。结论认为,新型溢流漏失监测系统可以有效地发挥地面测量优势,报警及时准确且经济实用。

A new high-precision timely monitoring and metering system for early kick and loss

Kick and loss are two complicated incidents that affect the construction safety in oil and gas well drilling. The commonly-used kick/loss monitoring methods are disadvantageous with monitoring lag and low metering precision, which may cause well collapse, pipe sticking and well blowouts due to untimely detection and improper treatment. In this paper, a new type of kick/loss monitoring and metering system was designed based upon a comparative analysis of several kick/loss monitoring methods commonly used on rig sites. This new system has the functions of early monitoring and alarm, kick/loss velocity metering, total loss metering and automatic filling, and its feasibility was verified through laboratory experiments. And the following research results were obtained. First, the monitoring tank of this new system is divided into two chambers, i.e., a main chamber and a secondary chamber. The return of drilling fluid partially flows back to the shale shaker through the main chamber, and the rest overflows into the secondary chamber. Second, the internal cross section area of the secondary chamber is small, which increases the response sensitivity to liquid level change, so kick/loss can be detected in time. Third, the water head of the outlet pipeline of the main chamber remains constant and the outlet flow is stable, so kick/loss velocity and total kick/loss can be calculated quantitatively based on the change of liquid level in the secondary chamber. And the monitoring error of kick/loss velocity is less than 8%. Fourth, in the process of tripping out, the drilling fluid in the monitoring tank flows into the wellbore under the action of self weight to keep the full liquid level of the wellbore all the time. As a result, lagged filling and partial filling are eliminated. In conclusion, this new kick/loss monitoring system is economical and practical, and giving a full play to the advantages of ground survey and alarm timely and accurately.