星载微波大气湿度探测仪再定标共性技术分析

探测大气水汽的星载微波大气湿度探测仪是国内外气象卫星上的关键载荷之一。多台星载微波大气湿度探测仪观测数据构成的长时间序列数据集在天气预报、数据同化和全球气候监测与评估中有着非常重要的作用。由于微波辐射没有绝对基准，并且不同卫星平台上的微波大气湿度探测仪的系统响应特性和定标方法不尽相同，因此，再定标是提高多台星载微波大气湿度探测仪的长时间序列观测数据的长期一致性和稳定性的关键技术。我国的四台星载微波大气湿度探测仪自2008年以来已经积累了超过10 a的重要观测数据集，亟待通过再定标技术实现4台载荷在轨历史观测数据长期一致性和稳定性并有效应用。为此，详细总结了国内外星载微波大气湿度探测仪研究现状，并对国内外星载微波大气湿度探测仪再定标共性技术研究现状进行总结分析，然后给出我国星载微波大气湿度探测仪再定标方案的构想，为再定标处理提供关键共性技术参考。

Common Re-calibration Technology for Spaceborne Microwave Atmospheric Humidity Sounder

The Spaceborne Microwave Humidity Sounder is an important payload of a meteorological satellite, which can detect the atmospheric humidity. The long-term observation data of several sounders can provide important support for meteorological forecast, data assimilation and global climate change monitoring. Due to the lack of absolute reference for microwave radiation and the difference between the characteristics and the calibration method between each sounder, re-calibration is an important technology for obtaining long-term consistent and stable observation data. Since 2008, China has launched 4 spaceborne microwave humidity sounder onboard the Fengyun-3 series meteorological satellites. There are more than 10 years observation data need to be recalibrated for valuable application. For this purpose, this paper summarized the research status of the spaceborne microwave humidity sounder domestic and overseas at first. Then the existed recalibration method for these sounders are summarized in detail. In addition, the plan of the recalibration for Chinese spaceborne microwave humidity sounders are given, which will provide the key reference for the future re-calibration processing.