上流式反应器气液相间传质特性的实验研究

上流式反应器设置在固定床渣油加氢反应器前有利于提高渣油原料适用性，延长装置运行时间。实验研究了上流式反应器气液相间传质，采用五齿柱形氧化铝催化剂模拟工业催化剂颗粒，水溶液模拟渣油，空气模拟氢气，采用无氧水物理吸收和亚硫酸钠化学吸收的方法，测定了在高气液比的条件下上流式反应器床层气液相间传质特性实验。考察了表观气速、表观液速、填料粒径、内构件、催化剂级配和床层高径比对液相体积传质系数和气液相界比表面积的影响规律。实验数据表明，液相体积传质系数随着气、液速的增大而增大；随填料颗粒增大而减小；在床层内安装合适的内构件或增大反应器高径比，能够促进气液相间传质。基于实验数据拟合了适合上流式反应器液相体积传质系数和气液相界比表面积的经验关联式，拟合误差最大分别为12%和24%；表明所建气液相间传质的经验关联式能更好地预测上流式反应器中的气液相间传质特性。

Experimental study of gas-liquid mass transfer characteristics in up-flow reactor

The upflow reactor is a key pre-reactor of fixed bed residual hydrocracking process, which improves the applicability to residual materials and prolongs the run time of the device. Experimental bench of upflow reactor for the mass transfer process between gas and liquid was built. The industrial catalysts particles with the shape of pentagonal cylinder are packed in the reactor, and air simulates hydrogen and aqueous solution for oil. Based on physical absorption of oxygen into water and chemical absorption into sodium sulfite, the gas-liquid mass transfer characteristics in the upflow reactors are explored under the condition of high gas liquid flux ratio. The influences of superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity, packing particle dimension, internal component, catalyst packing gradation and the ratio of height to diameter on volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient and gas-liquid interfacial area were investigated. The experimental data show that the volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient increases with the increase of gas and liquid superficial velocity. The smaller the particle diameter, the greater the volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient is. Installing proper internal components in the bed layer can enhance gas-liquid mass transfer and the larger aspect ratio of the reactor is beneficial to the gas-liquid mass transfer process. Based on the experimental data, the empirical correlation formula suitable for the volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient and gas-liquid interfacial area of upflow reactor are established, and the maximum fitting errors are 12% and 24% respectively. That the empirical correlations of gas-liquid mass transfer may well describe the characteristics of gas-liquid mass transfer in upflow reactor.