风云三号卫星微波探测仪定标原理及算法

微波探测仪是搭载于气象卫星上的重要载荷，可全天候获取大气温度、湿度垂直廓线、降雨等重要大气参数，为气象预报、气候变化研究和灾害性天气现象监测等提供重要数据。定标是星载微波探测仪定量化应用的基础。详细阐述了星载微波探测仪定标基本原理，给出了定标相关基础概念，并根据星载微波探测仪仪器特性，系统地梳理了发射前热真空定标、发射后在轨定标/真实性检验技术和定标算法，同时对定标试验实施方案和定标算法实现的关键点进行了总结，从而建立了完整的星载微波探测仪定标流程和基准，对星载微波探测仪的统一化定标和定量化应用具有重要意义。

Calibration Principle and Algorithm of Microwave Sounder Onboard FengYun-3 Satellites

The Satellite-borne Microwave Sounder is an important payload of a meteorological satellite. It can provide important atmospheric parameters such as vertical profile of temperature and humidity and rainfall in all weather conditions, which can provide important data for meteorological forecast, climate change research and disaster monitoring. Calibration is the key basis for the quantitative application of the Satellite-borne microwave sounder.In this paper, the basic calibration principle of the Satellite-borne microwave sounder is described in detail. The definitions about the calibration are also given. There are two calibration phases of the Satellite-borne microwave sounder, prelaunch Thermal/Vacuum calibration and on-orbit calibration and validation. The technology and method of each calibration phase are summarized, and the key points are all pointed out. To sum up, a standard for Satellite-borne microwave sounder calibration is established, which is of great significance to apply the unified calibration and quantitative application of the Satellite-borne microwave sounder.