我国电力行业碳排放责任核算及碳排放权分配研究

科学合理的碳排放责任核算与碳排放权分配是电力行业碳排放权市场建立的基础。考虑到省际存在大量电力调配，本文从生产者责任、消费者责任以及基于受益原则的共担责任三种角度核算了我国30个省域电力行业碳排放责任，并将共担责任下的核算结果应用到基于世袭制、平等主义、可行支付能力原则的综合加权碳排放权分配模型中。核算与分配结果表明：1）不同的核算方法下各省域电力行业碳排放责任存在明显差异。总体上，我国东部地区的生产者责任低于消费者责任，而中西部地区的生产者责任高于消费者责任，共担责任平衡了前两种责任之间的差异。2）在综合加权分配模型下，我国八个省域电力碳排放值须在2017-2020年期间率先达到峰值并降至2016年碳排放水平之下。此外，根据2020年各省域电力碳排放权分配额度与碳排放预测值的对比差异，我国东部沿海以及西北地区共九个省域2020年电力行业碳排放权分配不足，需进行碳排放权贸易或采取相应减排措施。

RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING AND RIGHTS ALLOCATION OF CARBON EMISSION IN CHINA'S POWER INDUSTRY

A rational responsibility accounting and rights allocation of carbon emission for power industry to set up carbon emission rights market. In consideration of inter-province power transfer, this paper estimates their carbon emission responsibilities in China's 30 provinces from producers' responsibility, consumers' responsibility and mutual responsibility, and applies the estimation in mutual responsibility to the comprehensively weighted allocation model which is based on hereditary rule, equalitarianism and payable ability. The results show an outstanding difference in carbon emission responsibility among provincial power industries under different accounting methods that the producers is lower than consumers in eastern China, but higher in central to western China. The mutual responsibility balances the difference. Under the comprehensively weighted model, carbon emission in 8 provinces shall reach the peak during 2017 to 2020 and fall to the 2016 level. According to provincial power carbon emission rights allocation quota and carbon emission prediction in 2020, nine provinces in the eastern coast area and northwest are short of carbon emission rights in 2020, which need to trade carbon emission rights or take action in carbon reduction.