有限空间作业的风险分析与控制

近年来，我国有限空间作业事故频繁发生，给人们的生产和生活带来很大影响。结合2011年1月至2017年6月发生的50起（不完全统计）较大及以上有限空间作业事故，采用事故统计分析方法，对这50起有限空间作业事故的事故类型、事故原因等进行分析。结果表明:中毒和窒息事故是有限空间作业事故的主要事故类型，3月~10月为事故的多发期；导致事故发生的直接原因为人的不安全行为，主要体现在作业前未通风、未对气体进行检测以及未按安全操作规程正确佩戴个体防护用品；间接原因是管理上的缺陷。针对具体问题提出有效控制措施，为我国企业安全生产提供科学依据，减少有限空间作业事故的发生。

Risk Analysis and Control Measures in Confined Space Operations

In recent years，the accidents in confined spaces occurred frequently in China，which had a great impact on production and personal life. According to the 50 serious accidents in confined spaces happened from January 2011 to June 2017（incomplete statistics），the types and causes of the accidents were analyzed by statistical analysis technique. The results showed that poisoning and asphyxia were the major?accident types in confined spaces，and most of accidents occurred during March to October every year，the direct causes were personal unsafe behaviors，including no detection and ventilation before entering confined spaces and no wearing personal protective equipment correctly according to safety procedures，and the indirect causes were the management defects in work safety. Finally，the effective control measures were put forward，which can provide scientific basis for the safety production in enterprises，and reduce the occurrence of accidents in confinedspaces.