水热法制备氧化锌空心球及其电化学性能的研究

以硝酸锌为原料，六次甲基四胺为沉淀剂，聚乙烯吡络烷酮为表面活性剂，利用水热法制备了氧化锌空心球。研究了不同聚乙烯吡络烷酮用量对空心球形貌的影响。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜对产物进行了表征，通过循环伏安测试和恒电流充放电测试对产物进行了电化学测试。结果表明，产物粒径均一，为纯六方晶型的空心结构。当聚乙烯吡络烷酮含量0.13 g时，氧化锌空心球形貌最佳。电化学测试结果表明，在5 mV/s的扫描速率下，比容量可达到241.6 F/g；在0.5 A/g的充放电电流密度下，比容量为137.467 F/g。

Electrochemical Properties of ZnO Hollow Spheres Prepared by One-Pot Hydrothermal Reaction

Zinc oxide hollow spheres were prepared via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method using zinc nitrate hexahydrate as raw materials，hexamethylenetetramine as precipitating agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone as surface active agent. Effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone amount on morphology of the hollow spheres were investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction，scanning electron microscopy，transmission electron microscopy，and tested with cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge discharge experiments. The results indicated that the products presented uniform hollow spheres with hexagonal crystal structure，which was most obvious at 0.13 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The electrochemical tests demonstrated that the specific capacity of the sample was 241.6 F/g at 5 mV/s scan rate and 137.467 F/g at 0.5 A/g charge discharge current density.