Gross solids from combined sewers in dry weather and storms,elucidating production,storage and social factors |
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| Authors: | Kevin John Spence Christopher Digman David Balmforth James Houldsworth Adrian Saul James Meadowcroft |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of the Built Environment, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, UK;2. MWH, Paragon Business Park, Wakefield, UK;3. Institution of Civil Engineers, Great George Street, Westminster, London, UK;4. 3 Regent Street, Sheffield, UK;5. Pennine Water Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK;6. Department of Political Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Variation in rates of sanitary hygiene products, toilet tissue and faeces occurring in sewers are presented for dry and wet weather from three steep upstream urban catchments with different economic, age and ethnic profiles. Results show, for example, that total daily solids per capita from the low income and ageing populations are almost twice that from high income or ethnic populations. Relative differences are verified through independent questionnaires. The relationship between solids stored in sewers prior to storms, antecedent dry weather period and the proportion of roof to total catchment area is quantified. A full solids’ flush occurs when storm flows exceed three times the peak dry weather flow. The data presented will assist urban drainage designers in managing pollution caused by the discharge of sewage solids. |
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| Keywords: | sewer gross solids aesthetic pollutant storage social CSO |
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