Formation and properties of sediments in constructed wetlands for treatment of domestic wastewater |
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Authors: | Yuriy Vergeles Nataliya Butenko Andriy Ishchenko Felix Stolberg Marika Hogland |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Urban Environmental Engineering and Management, National Academy of Municipal Economy, Kharkiv, Ukraine;2. Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal;3. Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden |
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Abstract: | Sediments formation and biogeochemical properties were studied in an experimental constructed wetland site in Ukraine (“Bioplato”) for treatment of domestic effluents. The wetland, with a capacity of 50 m3 d? 1 of wastewater, consists of vertical and horizontal filtrations units with fine gravel, middle and coarse sand, a subsurface flow unit with natural wetland soil applied, and a septic tank and sludge-drying field. Macrophytes, reed (Phragmites australis), cattail (Typha latifolia) and a number of sedge species (Carex spp.) were planted in the area and dominate the average cover of 85–90%. Treatment efficiency for BOD5 and suspended solids was 93–96%, for COD – 82%, for nutrients – 27–50%, and for pathogenic microorganisms 99.3–99.6%. Sludge was sampled at each unit followed by standard laboratory analyses of its main characteristics: total organic carbon (TOC), total nutrients (N, P), contents of trace elements, abundance of pathogenic microorganisms, and general toxicity. Results confirmed that the top layer of sludge from each unit of wetland could be used as a source of fertilizers for grain and leguminous crops. |
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Keywords: | sediments TOC nutrients constructed wetlands treatment domestic effluent |
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