Direct comparison of hydrogen depth distributions and refractive index profiles in annealed proton-exchanged Z-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides

For the first time, to the authors' knowledge, hydrogen distributions in weakly and strongly annealed proton-exchanged z-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ have been measured using modified secondary ion mass spectrometry and correlated with refractive index profiles determined by optical waveguide measurements.<>