水产品产地溯源与真伪鉴别技术研究进展

随着水产品需求的迅速增长, 消费者越来越注重水产品的质量安全, 对水产品原产地的关注也日益增加。近年来, 一些不法商家为了追求高额利润, 采用虚假宣传的方式, 将普通水产品的产地标注为高档次产品的产地, 严重损害了消费者的合法权益。因此, 水产品产地溯源与真伪鉴别技术得到了广泛关注。目前, 水产品溯源与真伪鉴别技术涵盖了基于DNA条形码、核酸检测技术、质谱技术及光谱技术等多种技术手段, 这些方法通过检测水产品的核酸、元素组成、有机物质的含量等信息, 结合数学统计分析方法实现对鱼类、贝类、藻类等水产品的追溯, 以确定其产地和生长环境等信息。本文总结了元素分析法、代谢组学法、核酸检测法等水产品溯源技术, 阐述了水产品溯源技术的原理及其应用研究进展, 并对各方法应加强关注和改善的问题进行展望, 以期进一步推进水产品溯源与真伪鉴别技术在水产品质量安全领域的应用。

Research progress on aquatic product origin traceability technology and authenticity identification technology

With the rapid growth of demand for aquatic products, consumers are paying more and more attention to the quality and safety of aquatic products, and paying more and more attention to the origin of aquatic products. In recent years, in order to pursue high profits, some unscrupulous businesses have adopted false publicity to mark the origin of ordinary aquatic products as the origin of high-grade products, which has seriously damaged the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Therefore, the traceability and authenticity identification technology of aquatic products has received widespread attention. At present, aquatic product traceability and authenticity identification technology covers a variety of technical means based on DNA barcoding, nucleic acid detection technology, mass spectrometry technology and spectroscopic technology, which realize the traceability of fish, shellfish, algae and other aquatic products by detecting the nucleic acid, element composition, organic substance content and other information of aquatic products, combined with mathematical statistical analysis methods, to determine their origin and growth environment. This paper summarizes the traceability technologies of aquatic products such as elemental analysis, metabolomics and nucleic acid detection, expounds the principles and application research progress of aquatic product traceability technology, and looks forward to the problems that should be paid more attention to and improved by each method, in order to further promote the application of aquatic product traceability and authenticity identification technology in the field of aquatic product quality and safety.