NiO/AC非对称电容器电极材料的制备及性能研究

以硫酸镍为原料、氨水为沉淀剂, 采用化学沉积法成功制备出氧化镍纳米颗粒, 分别采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)、物理吸附仪等测试手段对纳米氧化镍的物相、形貌和结构进行分析和表征。结果表明, 所制得的纳米氧化镍为球形多孔颗粒, 直径大约为200 nm。其中在300℃下热处理得到的氧化镍比表面积最大, 为132 m²/g, 平均孔径为7.3 nm。将其作为正极, 活性炭作为负极, 组装成非对称电容器, 结果表明非对称电容器具有良好的电容性能和循环稳定性, 在25 mA/g电流密度下, 比电容达到1039 F/g, 充放电效率高达98%以上。

Preparation and Properties of NiO/AC Asymmetric Capacitor

The nickel oxide nanoparticles were prepared by chemical bath deposition method with NiSO₄ as raw materials and NH₃?H₂O as precipitation agent. The crystal phase, microstructure and morphology of the nickel oxide were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and physical adsorption instrument. The results show that the product is porous spherical like particles with diameter of about 200 nm. Specific surface area of the nickel oxide heat-treated at 300℃ reaches 132 m²/g, with average diameter of 7.3 nm. The asymmetric capacitor with activated carbon as negative electrode and nickel oxide as positive electrode shows good performance and cycling stability. At the discharge current density of 25 mA/g, the asymmetric capacitor’s specific capacitance can reach 1039 F/g, and its’ charge-discharge efficiency is above 98%.