专利视角下中美电动汽车技术发展比较分析

为深入分析中国电动汽车技术的发展现状,基于中美两国公开发表的与电动汽车直接相关的专利数据,采用面板数据分析方法,针对年新增专利数量、主要专利权人和专利所属技术领域,从技术和产业的角度对中美两国电动汽车技术发展历程、研发热点和创新主体进行了比较分析,并选择两国典型汽车企业进行了案例分析.结果表明:由于政府重视以及政策支持,中国电动汽车技术在2001年后得到了高速发展,与美国的整体技术差距显著缩小;动力电池及其与内燃机的协同控制等相关技术是电动汽车发展的核心技术和重点研究领域;在车辆子系统联合控制和电数字数据处理等相关技术方面,中国与美国还存在明显差距.国家应继续支持电动汽车技术和产业发展,企业应抓住政府创造出的机会窗口快速发展,在促进产销量提升的同时提升技术能力和技术水平.

Comparative analysis on the development of electric vehicle technologies in China and USA: patent view

To promote the development of electric vehicle technologies in China, a comparative analysis on the development of electric vehicle technologies in China and USA is made based on all published electric-vehicle-related patent data. The number of new patents, the main patentee and the technical field are indicated to analyze the technology development process, research hot spots, and innovation subject from the view of both industry and technologies. The cases of typical enterprises are also checked, and the findings show that though starting to develop electric vehicle technologies is late, China has paid more attention to developing electric vehicle technologies than USA since 2001, and is catching up fast. The battery and its synergistic control with internal combustion engine are the core technologies. There is a clear gap between China and USA in terms of joint control of vehicle subsystems and digital data processing. Our government should keep supporting the development of electric vehicle, and enterprises should seize the opportunities for both promoting production and sales, and enhancing their technical capabilities.