面向电力需求侧主动响应的商业模式及市场框架设计

中国智能电网的发展面临峰谷差持续拉大、空调负荷不断攀升、新能源接入等新挑战,而电力需求响应是解决上述问题的有效方法之一。中国新一轮电力体制改革正在稳步推进,为电力需求响应的发展提供了重要契机。在此背景下,文中分析了不同市场环境下电力需求响应的开展情况,提出了适合中国国情的面向电力需求侧主动响应的商业模式。通过分析需求响应与电力市场的关系,设计了与中国电力市场改革相互协同的包含需求响应的市场框架:在第1阶段建立与电量市场相对独立、包含需求响应的辅助服务市场;在第2阶段建立与电力市场相结合、包含需求响应的辅助服务市场。此外,分别介绍了2个阶段中需求响应的产品类型、出清方式和考核方式。面向电力需求侧主动响应的商业模式和市场框架要随中国电力市场的发展而不断完善,需求响应将在电力系统的稳定性和经济性方面发挥更大作用。

Design of Business Model and Market Framework Oriented to Active Demand Response of Power Demand Side

The increasing peak-valley differences, air conditioners and renewable energy sources bring new challenges to the smart grid in China. Demand response(DR)is regarded as one of the most important solutions to the above problems. A new round of electricity market reform is being carried out in China, which provides a good opportunity for developing DR. Under this background, this paper analyzes the development of DR in different electricity market environments. A business model and a market framework of DR, which suit to China''s national conditions, are put forward. There are two stages: in the first stage, an ancillary service market which contains DR and is relatively separate with the energy market should be developed; in the second stage, an ancillary service market which contains DR and is collaboratively optimized with the electricity market should be developed. Moreover, product types, price clearing methods, assessment methods and settlement methods of DR are analyzed separately in the two stages. With the development of electricity market in China, DR will play more important role to the stability and economy of the power system.