鳞片石墨的提纯工艺研究现状与展望

石墨作为一种战略性的非金属矿产资源,具有抗辐射、导电导热、抗腐蚀、耐高低温等优异性能,被广泛应用于冶金、汽车、原子能、化工、国防、核电及航空航天等领域。石墨的纯度决定着石墨制品的性能和应用,我国石墨中固定碳的含量较低,而高新产业要求石墨中固定碳的含量在99%以上,因此,对石墨的提纯要求越来越高。综述了鳞片石墨的提纯研究和工业应用现状,讨论了浮选法、碱酸法、氢氟酸法、氯化焙烧法、高温提纯法的原理和优缺点,并指出采用磨浮技术对原料进行预处理,后续选用无毒环保药剂、低耗节能高效设备对其进一步纯化是鳞片石墨高纯化的发展方向。

Research Status and Prospect of Flake Graphite Purification Technology

Graphite,a strategic non-metallic mineral resource,has the excellent features of radiation resistance,electrical and thermal conductivity,corrosion resistance and high and low temperature resistance.It has been widely used in metallurgy,automobile,atomic energy,chemical industry,defense,nuclear power and aerospace fields.The purity of graphite determines the performance and application of graphite products,Chinas fixed carbon content in graphite is low,while its required fixed carbon content of graphite in more than 99%in high-tech industries,therefore,the purification of graphite requirements are more and more higher.The purification of flake graphite and its industrial application are reviewed.The principles,advantages and disadvantages of flotation,alkali acid,hydrofluoric acid,chlorination and high temperature purification are discussed.The technology of grinding-flotations are used as raw materials for pretreatment are pointed out,follow-up selection of nontoxic environmental protection agents,low energy-efficient equipment for further purification of flake graphite is the development direction of high purity.