废旧机械产品再制造的资源环境评价*

再制造不仅延续了产品的寿命周期,而且具有巨大的资源环境效益.通过简式寿命周期评价矩阵中有关元素的分析、钢铁原材料生产过程的环境负荷分析、机械产品（零部件）原始制造与再制造中的环境负荷分析,表明再制造产品的资源环境优势集中体现在其原料获取和产品生产阶段.零件再制造主要使用各种表面技术对局部失效表面进行修复与强化,免去了其原始制造中金属材料生产、毛坯生产的全部及后续切削加工、材料处理中的大部分资源、能源消耗和废弃物排放,其相应总量比原始制造一般低1～2个数量级,整个产品再制造的资源环境效益随新品零件替换率的提高而降低.

Resource Environment Assessment of Remanufacturing for Waste Mechanical Products

Remanufacturing can not only extend life cycle of products, but also has tremendous resource environment benefits. The relevant elements in the matrix for simplified life cycle, environment burden in the process of iron and steel raw material production and environment burden of original manufacture and remanufacturing for mechanical products (parts) are analyzed. The results show that the resource environment advantages of remanufacturing products is reflected on raw material acquisition and production stages. The remanufacturing of parts mainly uses all kinds of surface technology to repair and strengthen the local failed position, saves the majority of resource and energy consumptions and waste materials discharge in the original manufacture of metallic materials and blanks, and subsequent cutting and treating processes. Its corresponding gross is generally lower one or two orders than that of original manufacture, and resource environment benefit of the whole product reduces with the increasing replacement rate of new parts.