新型多孔材料在惰性气体Xe/Kr分离中的应用

惰性气体氙与氪的分离在大气放射性核素监测、惰性气体工业制备和乏燃料处理等领域中均有重要应用。常规的方法是利用低温精馏将氙与氪从大气中分离,需要耗费大量能源,成本高。因此,作为替代方法在常温下通过多孔材料高效吸附分离氙与氪具有重要意义。近年来发展的以金属有机框架材料、多孔有机分子笼材料等为代表的新型多孔材料在惰性气体氙与氪的分离中展现出了优异的性能与良好的应用前景。系统地综述了新型多孔材料在Xe/Kr分离中的研究进展,从计算模拟在Xe/Kr分离研究中的应用、高浓度氙/氪分离研究与极低浓度Xe/Kr分离研究3个方面进行论述与总结,最后对未来研究趋势进行了总结与展望。

Application of Novel Porous Materials in Noble Gas Xe/Kr Separation

The separation of xenon (Xe) and krypton (Kr) is very important for atmospheric radioactive gases radionuclide monitoring, industrial production of noble gases and spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. The conventional, cryogenic methods are used to extract xenon and krypton from air, but this is highly energy and capital intensive. Therefore, developing less energy intensive and capital economical alternatives, such as physisorption separation at room temperature using porous materials, is a critical and urgent issue. The emerging novel solid porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous organic cage molecules exhibit excellent performance on noble gases (xenon and krypton) separation and favorable application foreground. This article systematically summarizes the research progress of novel porous materials applied in noble gas Xe/Kr separation. The research work from three fa-cets, including application of theoretical calculation in Xe/Kr separation, separation of high concentration Xe and Kr, and separation of extremely low concentration Xe and Kr are reviewed and discussed. Finally, a critical comment on prospects of the future research of Xe/Kr separation using novel porous materials is addressed in order to guide the newcomer in this field.