有限元仿真在金属切削加工中的应用

有限元仿真是研究金属切削过程和切屑形成过程的有效方法.以铝合金7050为例,详细描述两种金属切削加工的有限元模型:正交切削模型和斜角切削模型,以及有限元模型建立过程中的一些关键技术如:刀屑界面间的摩擦,工件的材料本构模型和切屑分离标准.利用这两种有限元模型可以分别得到加工表面的残余应力分布趋势和切屑的几何形状,也可以预测低刚度结构件的让刀误差.分析表明:有限元仿真可以进行切削参数优化和刀具几何形状的优化,以改善加工表面的质量.

FEM based metal machining

The application of Finite Element Method(FEM)to cutting process is proved to be effective to study the metal cutting and chip formation.Aims to describe two kinds of FEM of metal machining:orthogonal machining and oblique machining.Some details of FEM such as interfacial friction between tool and chip,material model and chip separation criterion are mentioned.Aluminum alloy 7050 is studied for instance.The distribution trend of residual stress under the machined workpiece surface and the chip geometry formation process are studied by the application of orthogonal and oblique FEM alternately.Using the oblique model,surface error can be forecasted.It is believed that FEM can be applied to optimized machining parameters,to improve the integrity of finished surface and the geometric shape of tool.