普朗克常数h测定与质量量子基准的最新研究进展

借助基本物理常数来定义新的国际单位制一直是国际计量界研究的热点,其中对于普朗克常数h的测量,出现过电流天平方案、电压天平方案、超导磁悬浮方案、功率天平方案和能量天平方案等多种电学方案。一旦普朗克常数h被精确测定,则可以用其来定义新的质量单位,实现质量基准的量子化。详细比较了现阶段各国应用电学方法测量普朗克常数h方案的原理、装置和进展,对将来普朗克常数h的精确测量以及质量量子基准的发展趋势进行了预测。

Measurement of Plank Constant h and the Developments on Quantum Mass Standard

Redefinition of the International System of Units(SI)on basis of fundamental physical constants is topical issues,drawing their attentions of researchers in metrology all over the world. All kinds of electromechanical balances were used to measure the Plancks constant,including ampere balance,voltage balance,superconducting magnetic levitation project,watt balance and joule balance. Once precisely measuring the Plancks constant,it would be possible to eliminate the last artifact unit,kilogram,and realize a kind of novel quantum mass standard. The principle,apparatus and recent progress of different electromechanical balances are reviewed in details. The tendencies for measuring the Plancks constant and the future of quantum mass standard have also been predicted.