用于分离铀的萃取剂微胶囊制备及其吸附性能研究

为解决传统萃取工艺中溶剂损失和乳化等问题，本文结合萃取和离子交换的特点，采用溶剂挥发法制备了一种聚砜壁材的含二（2-乙基己基）磷酸酯（D2EHPA，或P204）的萃取剂微胶囊，研究了稀释剂、分散剂、表面活性剂和无机盐（NaCl）对微胶囊成球的影响，确定了微胶囊的最佳制备条件。结果表明：当采用二甲苯作稀释剂、P204萃取剂浓度为50%时，微胶囊对铀的吸附容量能达到40 mg/g以上；采用100 g/L H₂SO₄作解吸剂，铀解吸率可达99%；聚砜壁材的P204萃取剂微胶囊在低浓度铀溶液中具有较好的吸附性能，解吸后可重复使用。

Preparation and Adsorption Property of Extractant Microcapsulefor Extracting Uranium

In order to solve the problems of solvent loss and emulsification in extraction, combining the characteristics of extraction and ion exchange, microcapsules containing D2EHPA (or P204) extractants were prepared by solvent evaporation method with polysulfone as shell material. The influences of dispersants, diluent, surfactant and sodium chloride were investigated, and the optimal reaction condition was determined. When xylene is used as diluent and the extract concentration of P204 is 50%, the adsorption capacity of uranium on the microcapsule reaches more than 40 mg/g. When using the sulfuric acid as desorbent with concentration of 100 g/L, the desorption rate of aranium reaches 99%. Microcapsules containing P204 extractants with polysulfone as shell material have good adsorption properties in low concentration uranyl solution and can be reused after desorption.