考虑汽车正面低速碰撞角度偏差的 吸能盒性能优化设计

汽车发生正面低速碰撞时,由于各种因素的影响,不能达到百分之百的正面碰撞。因此,运用非线性有限元LS-DYNA仿真软件对碰撞方向偏差±6°的汽车正面低速碰撞进行了仿真模拟,在确保吸能盒在正面碰撞过程中能够吸收一定能量的基础上,当汽车的碰撞角度发生偏差时也能够使吸能盒具有良好的吸能效果,保障车辆与乘员安全。并通过定义目标优化函数及仿真研究进行了吸能盒优化设计,得到优化后吸能盒的碰撞吸能数值及碰撞角度变化时碰撞吸能的变化情况,从而得出具最佳吸能性能吸能盒的设计变量,即吸能盒壁厚1.5 mm、长180 mm、边数为6,此结构下在碰撞角度偏差±6°时,其T值最小。

An Optimized Design of Energy Absorption Performance of Automobiles Considering the Angle Deviation of Frontal Low-Speed Collision

Due to various factors, a solid frontal collision can not be achieved for automobiles in the process of a frontal low-speed collision. Therefore, the non-linear finite element LS-DYNA simulation software has been used to simulate the frontal low-speed collision with ±6 degrees of direction deviation. On the basis of ensuring that the energy-absorbing box can absorb some energy during the frontal collision, the collision angle deviation can also improve the energy absorption performance for the energy absorption box, thus helping to secure the safety of vehicles and occupants. By defining the objective optimization function, an optimized design of the energy-absorbing box has been carried out based on the simulation research, thus obtaining the numerical values of the impact energy absorption of the optimized energy absorption box and the change of collision energy absorption with changed collision angles, as well as working out the design variables of the energy absorbing box with the best energy absorption performance, namely, with the thickness of energy absorbing box wall being1.5 mm, its length 180 mm and the number of edges 6. Under this structure, the T value of the energy absorbing box reaches its minimum when the angle deviation of the collision is ±6 degrees.