论生态城市设计及其环境影响评价工具

生态城市设计通过协调自然环境与人工环境以及城市居民的关系成为城镇空间环境优化的重要方法和途径,是城市设计理论未来发展的主要方向之一.该文在空间环境生态学、景观生态学、环境物理学、城市形态学等理论的指导下,首次提出由人、自然和人工要素构成的城市空间环境生态系统的概念,并将其作为生态城市设计的研究对象;归纳得出自然生态优化、物理环境舒适性和能源高效使用三方面实践议题,并阐述了城市形态及自然生态规律是生态城市设计专项策略制定的依据.在此基础上提出将环境影响评价作为生态城市设计的一项基本程序和关键技术,对于典型的生态城市设计项目还应当建立以生态环境影响评价来推进的设计程序.

Discussion about Ecological Urban Design and Tools of Environmental Impact Assessment

Through harmonizing natural environment, artificial environment and citizen, Ecological Urban Design has become an important method of optimizing town space environment, as well as a major branch of Urban Design theory. Based on theories of Space Environment Ecology, Landscape Ecology, Environment Physics, and Urban Morphology, Urban Space Environment Ecosystem is put forward firstly. Including human, nature, and artificial elements, Urban Space Environment Ecosystem also is regarded as the study object of Ecological Urban Design. Furthermore, three practice themes, natural ecology optimizing, physics environment comfort, and highly efficient using of energy, are summed up. Besides, urban form and nature ecological law are the gist by which special strategies of Ecological Urban Design could be made. As a result, Environmental Impact Assessment should be a basic process and a key technique of Ecological Urban Design. Especially, as for those typical Ecological Urban Design projects, an Ecoenvironmental Impact Assessment should be founded to impel the whole design process.