Actinomucor elegans、Aspegillus oryzae和Rhizopus oligosporus产蛋白酶条件及蛋白酶性质的比较

比较了腐乳生产菌株Actinomucor elegans、豆酱和酱油生产菌株Aspegillus oryzae以及天培生产菌株Rhizopus oligosporus产生蛋白酶的条件和所产蛋白酶的性质。结果表明,不同的菌株产酶条件及蛋白酶的性质有较大的差异:少孢根霉主要产生酸性蛋白酶,在pH2.5-4.0的酸性介质中、32℃条件下培养时产酶能力较强,所分泌的蛋白酶系在pH5.0时酶活力最高,在pH5.0附近最稳定;米曲霉可以产生酸性、中性及碱性蛋白酶,所产生的蛋白酶活力显著高于少孢根霉和毛霉,米曲霉在酸性条件下产酸性蛋白酶能力强,在中性条件下产中性蛋白酶能力强,在碱性条件下产碱性蛋白酶能力强,在28-32℃时产酶能力强,所分泌的蛋白酶系在pH5.0-9.0的广泛范围内有很强的活力,在pH6.0-8.0的范围内稳定性强;毛霉可以产生酸性、中性及碱性蛋白酶,但酶活力明显低于米曲霉,毛霉在中性偏酸性(pH5.5)的介质中产酸性蛋白酶的能力较强,但介质的酸碱度对毛霉产中性及碱性蛋白酶没有影响,在28℃时产酸性、中性和碱性蛋白酶的能力都比较强,毛霉所分泌的蛋白酶系在pH5.0-9.0的广泛pH范围内有活力,在pH5.0-6.0时酶活力最高,在pH5.0-7.0时稳定强。

Comparison of Proteases System From Actinomucor elegans, Aspegillus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus

The culture condition for highest yield of protease from Actinomucor elegans,Aspegillus oryzae,Rhizopus oligosporus and the properties of the protease system were compared in this research.The culture condition and properties of proteases from different molds are different:the protease system from Rhizopus oligosporus mainly consists of acid protease,the enzyme yield is relatively higher when cultured in acid medium of pH 2.5-4.0,at 32℃ temperature,the enzyme system is most active in pH5.0 and stable around pH5.0;the protease system from Aspegillus oryzae consists of acid,neutral and alkaline protease,and has the highest activity among the proteases system from three molds,the yield of acid protease,neutral protease and alkaline protease from Aspegillus oryzae is higher when cultured in acid,neutral and alkaline medium at 28-32℃ temperature respectively,the protease system of Aspegillus oryzae has fairly strong activities in the range of pH 5.0-9.0,and is stable at pH 6.0-8.0;the protease system from Actinomucor elegans also consists of acid,neutral and alkaline protease,but has much lower activity than the protease system from Aspegillus oryzae,the yield of acid protease is relatively higher in neutral and slightly acid media,but the yield of neutral and alkaline protease is nearly the same when cultured in acid and basic media at 28℃ temperature,the protease system from Actinomucor elegans is active in the range of pH 5.0-9.0,stable in pH 5.0-7.0 and is the most active between pH5.0-6.0.