无溶剂法合成蔗糖硬脂酸酯的工艺研究

以乙醇代替有毒的甲醇与硬脂酸在酸催化下进行反应制出了硬脂酸乙酯。以硬脂酸乙酯与蔗糖为原料在催化剂和乳化剂的作用下，进行酯交换反应合成出蔗糖硬脂酸酯。详细考察了该合成反应过程中乳化剂、催化剂用量，反应温度，原料配比，反应时间等因素对蔗糖硬脂酸酯产率的影响，得出了较佳合成工艺条件，即硬脂酸乙酯：蔗糖摩尔比为2．15：1，乳化剂与蔗糖质量比为0．1：1，催化剂与反应物料质量比为0．14：1，反应温度－120℃，压力－4．35kPa,反应时间－3.5h。以蔗糖计，蔗糖酯产率约75．2％。此外，还把蔗糖硬脂酸酯制成易挥发衍生物，建立了分析其组成的气相色谱方法。

Synthesis of Sucrose Ester with No-solvent Method

Sucrose esters (SE) are a new type of non-ionic surfactant which possesses high emulsifying, softening, detergent, low foaming power and irritating properties, etc.. In the presence of an acid catalyst, stearic acid ethyl ester was synthesized by reaction of stearic acid with ethano1 absolute. Sucrose ester was prepared by ester-exchange method from the stearic acid ethyl ester and sucrose in the presence of catalyst and emulsifier. The influence of many factors on the synthesis process , such as, amount of emulsifier,reaction temperature,ratio of row material,reaction time,and amount of catalyst was studied,and the optimal process condition of synthetic reaction was obtained, that is: molecule ratio of stearic acid ethyl ester to sucrose is about 2.5~3:1, mass ratio of catalyst to sucrose is about 0.1:1, mass ratio of emulsifier to total of reaction material is about 0.14:1, reaction temperature ~120, pressure ~4.35kPa, time ~3.5h. Under these conditions the yield of sucrose ester based on sucrose is about 75.2%. In addition, gas chromatogram analysis method of SE was established.