Chronic pulmonary exposure to traffic-related fine particulate matter causes brain impairment in adult rats |
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| Authors: | Chi-Hsiang Shih Jen-Kun Chen Li-Wei Kuo Kuan-Hung Cho Ta-Chih Hsiao Zhe-Wei Lin Yi-Syuan Lin Jiunn-Horng Kang Yu-Chun Lo Kai-Jen Chuang Tsun-Jen Cheng Hsiao-Chi Chuang |
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| Affiliation: | 1.School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine,Taipei Medical University,Taipei,Taiwan;2.Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes,Miaoli,Taiwan;3.Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering,National Taiwan University,Taipei,Taiwan;4.Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,Taipei Medical University Hospital,Taipei,Taiwan;5.Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine,Taipei Medical University,Taipei,Taiwan;6.The Ph.D Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology,Taipei Medical University,Taipei,Taiwan;7.School of Public Health, College of Public Health,Taipei Medical University,Taipei,Taiwan;8.Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine,Taipei Medical University,Taipei,Taiwan;9.Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health,National Taiwan University,Taipei,Taiwan;10.Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University,New Taipei City,Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundEffects of air pollution on neurotoxicity and behavioral alterations have been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the pathophysiology caused by particulate matter (PM) in the brain. We examined the effects of traffic-related particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <?1 μm (PM1), high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filtered air, and clean air on the brain structure, behavioral changes, brainwaves, and bioreactivity of the brain (cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus), olfactory bulb, and serum after 3 and 6 months of whole-body exposure in 6-month-old Sprague Dawley rats.ResultsThe rats were exposed to 16.3?±?8.2 (4.7~?68.8) μg/m3 of PM1 during the study period. An MRI analysis showed that whole-brain and hippocampal volumes increased with 3 and 6 months of PM1 exposure. A short-term memory deficiency occurred with 3 months of exposure to PM1 as determined by a novel object recognition (NOR) task, but there were no significant changes in motor functions. There were no changes in frequency bands or multiscale entropy of brainwaves. Exposure to 3 months of PM1 increased 8-isoporstance in the cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus as well as hippocampal inflammation (interleukin (IL)-6), but not in the olfactory bulb. Systemic CCL11 (at 3 and 6 months) and IL-4 (at 6 months) increased after PM1 exposure. Light chain 3 (LC3) expression increased in the hippocampus after 6 months of exposure. Spongiosis and neuronal shrinkage were observed in the cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus (neuronal shrinkage) after exposure to air pollution. Additionally, microabscesses were observed in the cortex after 6 months of PM1 exposure.ConclusionsOur study first observed cerebral edema and brain impairment in adult rats after chronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution. |
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