Kinetic theory of geodesic acoustic modes in toroidal plasmas: a brief review |
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Authors: | Zhiyong QIU Liu CHEN Fulvio ZONCA |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China;2. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.;3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine CA 92697-4575, United States of America;4. ENEA, Fusion and Nuclear Safety Department, C. R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy |
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Abstract: | Geodesic acoustic modes (GAM) are oscillating zonal structures unique to toroidal plasmas, and have been extensively studied in the past decades due to their potential capabilities of regulating microscopic turbulences and associated anomalous transport. This article reviews linear and nonlinear theories of GAM; with emphases on kinetic treatment, system nonuniformity and realistic magnetic geometry, in order to reflect the realistic experimental conditions. Specifically, in the linear physics, the resonant wave-particle interactions are discussed, with the application to resonant excitation by energetic particles (EPs). The theory of EP-induced GAM (EGAM) is applied to realistic devices for the interpretation of experimental observations, and global effects due to coupling to GAM continuum are also discussed. Meanwhile, in the nonlinear physics, the spontaneous GAM excitation by microscale turbulences is reviewed, including the effects of various system nonuniformities. A unified theoretical framework of GAM/EGAM is then constructed based on our present understandings. The first-principle-based GAM/EGAM theories reviewed here, thus, provide the tools needed for the understanding and interpretation of experimental/numerical results. |
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Keywords: | geodesic acoustic mode kinetic theory nonlinear physics energetic particle physics |
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