Novel versatile insensitive universal current-mode biquad employing two second-generation current conveyors

A new universal current-mode biquad with two inputs and three outputs or three inputs and two outputs using only two second-generation current conveyors and four grounded/virtual-grounded passive elements is proposed. The proposed circuit has the following advantages: simultaneous realization of five generic current-mode filter signals from the same configuration; no requirements of any cancellation constraints; employment of two grounded capacitors ideal for integrated circuit implementation; employment of two grounded/virtually grounded resistors suitable for voltage control; orthogonal adjustment of ω₀/Q and ω₀ through two separate grounded/virtually-grounded resistors; high output impedance good for cascadability for the current-mode circuits; and low active and passive sensitivities.