Low convergent confined-flow Pierce gun for a space TWT

An approach for designing an electron gun for a high efficiency, high linearity space traveling wave tube (TWT), has been presented. A low convergent (<10?:?1) Pierce electron gun of beam perveance 0.43?μP has been designed for a high gain, high linearity and high efficiency C-band 60?W Space TWT using in-house developed two-dimensional FDM based gun and collector simulation code PIERCE. In this gun, the first anode (isolated from the ground anode) has been kept nearly 100?V above the ground anode to act as an ion barrier for increasing cathode life and to regulate beam current over the lifetime of the tube. An M-type dispenser cathode of diameter 3.20?mm has been used for cathode loading of less than 1.0?A/cm² and heater wattage around 3.0?W. The magnetic focusing with integral-pole-piece barrel assembly and periodic-permanent magnets (PPM) have been designed using in house developed two-dimensional FDM based code SUNMAG. The practical problem of linking requisite cathode flux to the cathode for confined flow of the electron beam with low convergence factor has been sorted out by gradually increasing the PPM magnetic field. The magnetic field has been increased in steps from the gun and over the first five magnets varying from Brillouin field (B _B) value to twice B _B for achieving the electron beam with scalloping less than 10%. Agreements between the simulated results and the experimental results for the beam current and magnetic field profile have been achieved within 8%. The dynamic beam transmission (under rf operation of the tube) has been achieved better than 98% in the tube.