Model-based synthesis of shaped-beam patterns with the minimum number of elements: a state-space method

Conventional antenna array synthesis methods can give good performance for uniform spaced antenna arrays within desired performance bounds. However, due to the restriction of uniform antenna element spacing, a lot of elements are required. Because of the above-mentioned drawback, in this paper, a new approach is presented to synthesise uniform spaced antenna array using the minimum number of elements. This approach introduces the state-space model to represent the desired discrete array pattern that is sampled uniformly from ?1 to 1 corresponding to 0–180°, then uses the desired sampled array pattern directly to construct the forward–backward data matrix that is introduced to estimate the model parameters, from which the locations and excitations of the new antenna elements can be extracted. The appropriate roots that are located on the unit circle are selected to obtain new radiation pattern. Simulation results show the viability for both shaped-beam and pencil-beam designs.