环境保护和电动车的开发

21世纪将是环保的世纪，人们对环境和能源问题日益关注，各国政府对空气污染的控制要求日趋严格，因而电动车的开发备受关注。本文从分析当前各国开发电动车的形势和电动车的基本概念出发，进一步探讨开发电动车的总体策略及关键技术，特别是先进的车体技术、电力驱动技术和电池技术。开发电动车的总体策略应该是：a）集中汽车技术、电机技术、电子技术、材料技术等的优势，进行系统集成和优化；b）集中政府、工业、电力、交通、用户的优势，进行大协作，共同分担风险和享受成果。文中列出了最近各国开发的主要电动车样车。

Environment Protection and Electric Vehicle Development

The twenty-first century will be the environmental century. In a world where environment protection and energy conservation are growing concerns and the standards about air pollutlon in many countries are becoming stricter, the development of electric vehicle technology has been taken on an acceleratedpace. This paper provides an overview of the key issues, development strategy, state of the art of technologies and recent development of electric vehicles worldwide. The importance of the integration of technologies of automobile, electric motor drive, electronics, energy storage and controls as well as the importanceof integration of society strength from government, industry research institutions, electric power utilltiesand transportation authorities are addressed. System integration and optimization are prime factors inachieving low cost, good performance electric vehices. Since the energy density of batteries is currentlymuch lower than gasoline, evely efforts should be made to optimize the energy utilization in order to increase the driving range. The rating of the power train should be designed in accordance with the torquespeed and power demands of the vehicle; and the major components should be carefully selected for optimum matching.