Effect of filler composition and crosslinker concentration on the tribological behavior of spent germ particle-based polymeric composites |
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| Authors: | S Bhuyan S Sundararajan D Pfister RC Larock |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;2. Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Namdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria;2. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Namdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria;1. Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Institute for Composite Materials (IVW), University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;4. Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany;1. State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Thermosetting composites have been prepared by the use of a biobased resin and spent germ filler, which is a byproduct from a wet ethanol production plant. Microscale tribological measurements were performed on samples with different concentrations of the filler as well as the crosslinker using a ball-on-flat reciprocating microtribometer. Microscale friction and wear behavior during dry sliding were evaluated using a spherical silicon nitride probe (radius 1.2 mm) and a conical diamond (radius 100 μm, cone angle 90°) probe to impose different contact conditions. Finally, a pin-on-disc tribometer was used to study the macroscale wear properties at high loads against an alumina pin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of wear tracks on the samples were obtained to elucidate deformation mechanisms. All samples showed evidence of abrasive wear in both micro- and macro-scales. It was found that an increase in the concentration of the filler resulted in higher friction coefficients against Si3N4, while an increase in the concentration of the crosslinker lowered the abrasive wear depth. These results provide some insight into the effectiveness of using biobased spent germ–tung oil polymer composites as potential tribomaterials. |
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| Keywords: | Polymer–matrix composite Crosslinker Tung oil-based polymer Spent germ particles Microscale wear Macroscale wear |
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