Accumulation and acute toxicity of silver in Potamogeton crispus L. |
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| Authors: | QS Xu JZ Hu KB Xie HY Yang KH Du GX Shi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Jiangsu Key Lab of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, PR China;2. Department of Biology, Shangqiu Normal College, Shangqiu 476000, PR China;1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;2. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ul. Ante Kova?i?a 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;3. Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;4. Department of Ecology, Institute of Public Health ‘‘Dr. Andrija ?tampar’’, Mirogojska cesta 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;5. Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Graz University of Technology, Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Austrian Cooperative Research (ACR), Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria;1. Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People''s Republic of China;2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States;3. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, United States;1. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. College of Hydrology and Water Resource, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China |
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| Abstract: | In the present study, Potamogeton crispus L. plants exposed to various concentrations of silver (Ag) (5, 10, 15, and 20 μM) for 5 d were investigated to determine the accumulating potential of Ag and its influence on nutrient elements, chlorophyll pigments and fluorescence, various antioxidant enzymes and compounds, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), protein content and ultrastructure. The accumulation of Ag was found to increase in a concentration dependent manner with a maximum of 29.3 μg g?1 at 20 μM. The nutrient elements (except Ca), photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (Fo, Fv, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo), malondialdehyde (MDA), ATP, peroxidase (POD) activity, ascorbate (AsA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and protein contents decreased significantly as concentration of Ag augmented. In contrast, an induction in SOD activity was recorded, while an initial rise in Ca content and CAT activity was followed by subsequent decline. Morphological symptoms of senescence phenomena such as chlorosis and damage of chloroplasts and mitochondria were observed even at the lowest concentration of Ag, which suggested that Ag hastened the senescence of the tested plants. The loss of nutrients and chlorophyll content and damage of chloroplasts were associated with disturbances in photosynthetic capacity as indicated by the quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Decreased chlorophyll and protein contents suggest oxidative stress induced by Ag. In addition, both the reduction of ATP and the damage to the ultrastructure of organelles were indicative of general disarray in the cellular functions exerted by Ag. |
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