维吾尔语中疑问和焦点对语调的共同调节作用

通过严格控制的语音实验,系统研究了维吾尔语焦点和疑问语气对语调的调节作用。结果发现维吾尔语疑问句中焦点对音高和时长都有调节作用:1)焦点词音高上升、音域扩大,焦点后音高仍保持高,但焦点前的音高基本不变; 2)疑问语调的重要特征是句末音高出现大幅度上扬,另外疑问句中焦点词后的音高高于其在陈述句条件下的表现; 3)焦点成分时长延长,而焦点前后成分的时长变化不明显; 4)与陈述句相比,疑问句的总时长要长于陈述句的,且主要表现在句末成分的时长上。总之,维吾尔语和汉语、英语一样支持平行编码目标逼近(PENTA)语调模型,但是三种语言在疑问句中焦点后的语调变化方式上并不相同。

Parallel realization of focus and interrogative meaning in intonation of Uyghur

With a controlled experiment, the co-encoding of interrogative meaning and focus on Uyghur intonation was systematically investigated. The results show that focus has effects on both pitch and duration of an interrogative sentence: 1) On-focus words exhibit F0 increase and pitch range expansion, post-focus words maintain high F0, while pre-focus words leave F0 largely intact. 2) An important feature of interrogative intonation is the significant F0 rising in sentence final syllable. Besides, the intonation after a focused word in question is distinctly higher than that in statement. 3) Duration of on-focus words is lengthened, while pre-focus and post-focus words do not show obvious duration variation. 4) Compared with statement, sentence duration of question is longer, which is mainly manifested as the lengthening of sentence final syllable. In summary, Uyghur, like Chinese and English, supports Parallel Encoding and Target Approximation (PENTA) intonation model. However, the three languages display different ways of post-focus intonation manipulation in questions.