Short-time effect of heavy metals upon microbial community activity |
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| Authors: | Fei Wang Jun Yao Yang Si Huilun Chen Mohammad Russel Ke Chen Yiguang Qian Gyula Zaray Emilia Bramanti |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology of Chinese Ministry of Education & Sino-Hungarian Joint Laboratory of Environmental Science and Health & School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, PR China;2. Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös University, H-1518 Budapest, P.O. Box 32, Hungary;3. Laboratory of Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;1. Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA;2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA;3. Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA;1. Dept. of Earth, Ocean and Climate Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, India;2. Indian Statistical Institute, North-East Centre, Tezpur, Assam, India;3. Department of Geography, Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN, USA;4. Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Hyderabad, India;5. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India;1. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China;2. Institute of Plant Protection and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, PR China;3. College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China;1. College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;3. Heilongjiang Province Environmental Science Research Institute, Harbin 150056, China;1. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland;2. Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387, Kraków, Poland;3. Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Kraków, Podchor??ych 2, 31-054, Kraków, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Microcalorimetry was applied to assess and compare the toxic effect of heavy metals, such as As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb and Zn, on the soil microbial activities and community. About 1.0 g soil spiked 5.0 mg glucose and 5.0 mg ammonium sulfate, the microbial activities were recorded as power–time curves, and their indices, microbial growth rate constant k, total heat evolution QT, metabolic enthalpy ΔHmet and mass specific heat rate JQ/S, were calculated. Comparing these thermodynamic parameters associated with growth yield, a general order of toxicity to the soil was found to be Cr > Pb > As > Co > Zn > Cd > Cu. When soil was exposed to heavy metals, the amount of bacteria and fungi decreased with the incubation time, and the bacterial number diminished sharply. It illustrates that fungi are more tolerant, and bacteria–fungi ratio would be altered under metal stress. To determine the status of the glucose consumed, a glucose biosensor with eggshell membrane was used to measure the remaining glucose in soil sample. Results showed that the time at which glucose was consumed completely was agreed with the microcalorimetric time to a large extent, and depended on the toxicity of heavy metals as well. |
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