晋城市煤矿开采对植被覆盖度的影响研究

煤炭开采造成了生态环境的破坏，严重影响了矿区的可持续发展。为探究煤矿开采对地表植被覆盖度的影响，文章结合当前的研究趋势及数据的可获得性，以晋城市1987—2011年Landsat TM遥感数据和晋城市煤矿分布图为依据，利用ENVI 5.1中的Flaash进行辐射定标、大气校正以获得辐射亮度值，通过拼接、裁剪、波段运算得到DVI、NDVI、PVI 三种植被指数的平均值，通过对比分析这3种植被指数长时序的变化，获得矿区和非矿区地表植被覆盖度的变化趋势。此外，采用SPSS软件中单因素方差分析法探究矿区与非矿区之间的植被覆盖度差异。研究显示：1）矿区与非矿区DVI、NDVI的p值分别为0.048、0.036，均小于0.05，表明矿区的植被覆盖度显著低于非矿区植被覆盖度，且矿区DVI、NDVI值较非矿区分别低199.103、0.070；2）矿区DVI和NDVI值在2009年附近发生转折，植被覆盖度年平均上升率达到24%，表明煤矿兼并重组政策对于生态环境改善有一定的正向影响。

IMPACTS OF COAL MINING ON VEGETATION COVERAGE IN JINCHENG CITY

Coal mining destroys eco|environment, affecting the sustainable development in the mining area. This paper, aiming at the impacts of coal mining on vegetation coverage, uses Jincheng's Landsat TM remoting sensing data from 1987 to 2011 and coal mines distribution maps, and applies Flaash in ENVI 5.1 to gain the radiation brightness value from determining radiation, atmosphere calibration, and gain the average vegetation index of DVI, NDVI, PVI from jointing, trimming and wave band operatio. The data of DVI, NDVI and PVI are compared to obtain the changing trend of vegetation coverage in mining and non|mining areas, where SPSS software is used to study their vegetation coverage variance. Value P of DVI and NDVI in mining and non|mining areas is 0.048, 0.036, both less than 0.05, indicating vegetation coverage in mining area is obviously less than in non|mining area, and DVI and NDVI in mining area are less than in non|mining by 199.103 and 0.070. DVI and NDVI in mining area turned sharply in 2009 with an annual rising rate of vegetation coverage 24%, suggesting the policy of coal consolidation and acquisition improve the ecological environment to some extent.