湖北烟区烟草地下害虫的发生特点

湖北各烟区的烟草种类和植烟环境多样,地下害虫是烟草苗期的主要害虫。为了明确各烟区地下害虫的优势类群及其发生规律,于2011年4-8月对湖北咸丰、五峰、保康和郧西县烟田的地下害虫进行了系统调查。结果表明,湖北省4个烟区的地下害虫结构存在明显差异。恩施烟区以金针虫为优势类群,以蛴螬和蝼蛄为次优势类群;襄阳烟区以地老虎、蛴螬和金针虫发生为主;宜昌烟区以蛴螬和地老虎为主;而十堰烟区以金针虫和地老虎发生为主。烤烟、马里兰烟和香料烟地下害虫发生偏重,而白肋烟和晒烟发生偏轻。烟叶收获期的地下害虫结构与烟叶苗期不同,收获期烟田蛴螬和金针虫密度明显增加。烟草地下害虫的发生程度与烟田海拔高度相关,海拔1200 m左右的烟区,地下害虫发生程度加重。

The Occurring Characteristics of Underground Insect and Pests in Tobacco Fields of Hubei Province

Underground insect and pests are the main tobacco pests during tobacco seedling stage. Because of the diverse tobacco species and planting environments in tobacco-planting areas of Hubei province, a systematic investigation on the tobacco underground insect and pests was carried out during April and August, 2011 for detecting the dominant species and their occurring pattern in Xianfeng, Wufeng, Baokang and Yunxi county of Hubei province. The results indicated that the population structure of underground pests in four tobacco areas of Hubei province was significantly different. In Enshi, wireworms were the dominant species and then grubs and mole crickets sub-dominated; In Xiangyang, cutworms, grubs and wireworms were often observed; In Yichang, cutworms and grubs predominated; In Shiyan, wireworms and cutworms occurred frequently. The damage caused by underground pests was more serious in Flue-cured tobacco, Maryland tobacco and Oriental tobacco than that in Burley tobacco and Sun-cured tobacco. The pest population during the tobacco seedling stage was also distinct from that at tobacco harvest time, when the density of grubs and wireworms increased greatly. The severity caused by underground pests was correlated with the altitude of tobacco field, and the underground insect pest had higher population density at 1200 m altitude tobacco fields.