1992年夏季珠穆朗玛峰地区的太阳直接辐射和总辐射

用１９９２年夏季珠穆朗玛峰地区考察的多通道有线遥测辐射观测资料，对珠峰地区的太阳直接辐射和总辐射特征进行了研究。结果表明。１９９２年珠峰地区夏季中午前后的大气透明度状况与１９５９年没有明显差异。夏季在珠峰绒布寺地区最大总辐射大于太阳常数现象的出现十分频繁。本次考察时，在有完整资料的１６天中，１４天观测到了瞬时总辐射大于太阳常数的现象；这种现象从地方时９时到１４时都可出现，有时竟连续出现５个时欢。瞬时总辐射的最大值为１６８８Ｗｍ－２，超出了太阳常数２３％。考察期间记录到的总辐射时累计值的最大值为４．７１ＭＪｍ－２，平均强度１３０８Ｗｍ－２，达太阳常数的９５．７％。青藏高原地区持续出现总辐射大于太阳常数的现象对近地面辐射平衡及生态环境的影响尚有待进一步研究。

DIRECT AND GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATIONS IN THE REGION OF MT. QOMOLANGMA DURING THE SUMMER 1992

s:In this paper.the characteristics of direct and global solar radiations in the region of Mt. Qomolangma were studied by using the radiation data measured with multichannel remote wire-sensors during the expedition in summer 1992. The results showed that. the state of atmospheric transparency around noon time during the summer 1992 was appoximately as same as that of 1959.There is high frequency of the occurrence that maximum value of global radiation is greater than the solar constant during the summer in the region of Rongbu Temple.Mt. Qomolangma.Among the complete data of 16 days. there occurred 14 days with greater radiation than the solar constant. This phenomenon can be observed from local time 9 to 14. sometimes even appearing 5 times sequentially. The maximum of instantaneous global radiation was 1688 Win-2. which is greater 23% than solar constant. During the expedition.the maximum of hourly amount of recorded global radiation reached 4. 71 MJm-2. the average intensity was 1308 Wm-2.it is 95.7% of the solar constant. For the frequent occurrences of the phenomenon that the solar global radiation is graeter than solar constant in the area of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. it needs further study of the effects on radiation balance near land surface and ecological environment.