The role of active elements of lubricants in the formation of mechanical properties of iron after rolling

It is shown that the process of rolling of iron in lubricants results in the saturation of subsurface layers of the metal with active chemical elements from working media. These elements are mainly concentrated near the boundaries of grains and their fragments, in the regions formed by pileups of dislocations, and do not form any chemical compounds with the base metal. The saturation of iron with phosphorus, sulfur, and iodine decreases the yield limit, ultimate strength, fracture stress, and relative narrowing of the material. At the same time, saturation with chlorine and bromine increases the indicated mechanical characteristics. Institute of Physics of Metals, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev. Translated from Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 73–78, March–April, 1997.