纳米材料改善硝酸熔盐传蓄热性能的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

聚光式太阳能热发电是解决能源和环境矛盾的理想途径,传热蓄热技术是光热发电的重要环节,在此需要解决的关键问题是传热蓄热介质。熔盐作为储蓄热介质具有明显优势。国内外运行的光热电站中大多使用二元硝酸熔盐(Solar salt)与三元硝酸熔盐(Hitec),但二者传蓄热性能均欠佳,影响了太阳能的利用效率。纳米材料的独特空间结构,使其具有优异的导热性能、良好的稳定性等,将其作为添加剂引入到硝酸熔盐体系中,有望改善材料的传热蓄热等热物性能,进而提高太阳能光热利用的效率,降低发电成本。本文综述了纳米金属粒子、纳米金属氧化物、纳米碳材料和其他无机纳米材料作为添加剂掺杂到硝酸熔盐体系中的相关研究,论述了改性后熔盐热物性的变化并探讨了作用机理,以期为制备优异热性能的储能熔盐提供参考。未来的研究可重点关注热物性测试、传热机理、构效关系和工业化中试,将具有优异的传蓄热性能的硝酸熔盐应用在太阳能光热发电领域,在清洁能源开发利用方面发挥更重要的作用。

Research progress in improving heat transfer and heat storage performance of molten nitrate by nanomaterials

Concentrating solar power is the ideal way to solve the conflicts between energy and environment.Heat transfer and heat storage are the key links in solar thermal power generation,while molten salt is an excellent heat transfer and heat storage medium.Most of the solar thermal power stations operating at home and abroad use binary nitrates(solar salt)and ternary nitrates(Hitec).However,their low heat transfer and heat storage performance will affect the efficiency of solar energy utilization.The unique spatial structure of nanomaterials enables it to have excellent thermal conductivity and good stability.Introducing nanomaterials as additives into the nitrate molten salt system is expected to improve the thermal properties of the material such as heat transfer and heat storage,thereby improving the efficiency of solar thermal utilization and reducing the cost of power generation.In this paper,the related studies of nano metal particles,nano metal oxides,carbon nanomaterials,and other inorganic nanomaterials as doping additives in nitrate molten salt systems were reviewed.The changes in the thermal properties of molten salts after modification were discussed and the mechanism of action was explored,which can provide references for preparation of energy storage molten salt with excellent thermal properties.In the future research,the measurement of thermophysical properties,mechanism of heat transfer,quantitative structure-activity relationship and industrial pilot will be focused on,so that nitrate molten salt with excellent heat transfer and heat storage performance can be applied in the field of solar thermal power generation,which will play a more important role in the development and utilization of clean energy.