轨道交通与城市空间发展协同的时空响应研究--以北京为例

中国正处于城市轨道交通大规模建设期,从城市空间发展视角需要关注平衡问题。轨道交通与城市空间发展的失衡,主要反映在空间错位、时间异速和功能失配上,亟需揭示二者协同规律。本文通过影响模型、模拟模型与反馈模型构建协同分析框架,以北京为例,探究轨道交通与城市空间发展在不同尺度上的时空响应规律。研究结果显示,在大都市圈尺度,城市形态中的职住空间关系会影响到轨道交通客流量,就业中心和居住中心都可能对轨道站点产生强客流压力。在城市尺度,轨道交通可达性较高的站点,会产生集聚效应而吸引更多的就业,增加周边就业岗位的密度。在站点尺度,轨道交通线路开通会带动站点周边土地利用转变。研究表明,轨道交通与城市的协同发展核心是空间上匹配、时间上同步和功能上整合,研究旨在对中国城市应对轨道交通快速集中建设时期的挑战起到理论借鉴作用。

SPATIOTEMPORAL RESPONSE OF SYNERGY DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN RAIL TRANSIT AND URBAN SPACE: A CASE STUDY OF BEIJING

The urban rail transit in Chinese cities is experiencing large-scale construction at present,promoting the development of urban space to a new stage.The incoordination between urban rail transit construction and urban development lies in three aspects:spatial imbalance,time unsynchronization,and functional mismatch,which requires the explorations on the rules for coordinated development.With a case study on Beijing,by use of the impact model,simulation model,and feedback model,this paper establishes a synergy framework and explores the rules for spatiotemporal interactions between rail transit and urban development at different scales.Results show that:(1) at the metropolitan area scale,the jobs-housing relationship in urban space has positive influences on passenger volume,and employment centers and residential centers may bring about strong passenger flow pressure;(2) at the city scale,stations with high accessibility by rail transit can have concentration effects and increase the employment density,thus promoting the economic growth;(3) at the station scale,rail transit can lead to the change of land use around the station.The paper points out that synergy between rail transit construction and urban development should focus on spatial balance,time synchronization,and functional integration,in the hope of providing policy implications for the rapid and concentrated development of rail transit in Chinese cities in the future.