分行业居住-就业空间关系及路网交通需求分异——以广州市为例

基于经济普查和人口普查数据,利用洛伦兹曲线和恩格尔系数分析广州市不同行业居民的就业-居住均衡性,继而采用引力模型测度不同行业就业-居住的相互作用关系,解释其居住-就业相互吸引的空间格局,并分析基于该相互吸引强度的城市交通需求在路网上的分配情况。分析表明,五大类行业居民的就业-居住均衡水平存在一定的差异,工业行业均衡性最强,建筑行业均衡性最弱;不同行业的路网交通需求差异较明显,工业行业人口的路网交通需求主要分布在城市中心区外围;消费性服务业人口的路网交通需求主要分布在中心城区外围和核心区;其他行业人口的路网交通需求分布在中心城区。就业-居住均衡水平与路网交通需求格局的形成与不同产业用地空间布局和不同行业人口住房选择偏好有关,也受到历史上体制因素的惯性影响。

JOBS-HOUSING RELATIONSHIP IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES AND ITS IMPACT ON TRAFFIC DEMAND ON ROAD NETWORKS: A CASE STUDY IN GUANGZHOU

On the basis of the economic census and demographic census data, this paper analyzes the jobs-housing balance in different industries in Guangzhou by using the Lorenz curve and the Engel coefficient. Then the paper measures the jobshousing space interaction in different industries through gravity model, explains the spatial pattern of jobs-housing mutual attraction, and analyzes the distribution of urban traffic demand on the road network based on the strength of the mutual attraction. Results show that there are some differences in the level of jobs-housing balance among the five industries, of which the industrial sector sees the most balanced relationship, whereas the construction sector sees the least balanced relationship. The traffic demand on road network of the industrial sector, the consumer services sector, and other industries is mainly distributed in the periphery of the central city, the periphery of the central city and the core area, and the central city respectively. The jobs-housing relationship and traffic demand on road network are related to the industrial land use structure, the housing preference of people in different industries, and the path dependence of institutional factors.