石墨烯纳米流体研究进展

润滑与冷却是当前工业领域两个重要的议题。前者与机械装置、零部件的使用可靠性和寿命直接相关,对减少摩擦产生的能耗具有重大意义,而后者对于高功率密度器件的热管理至关重要。二者的结合在航空航天、汽车机械等领域广泛存在,而纳米流体是一种很好的承载二者的工作介质。本文针对石墨烯纳米流体这一热点,综述了石墨烯纳米流体的分散理论基础与方法,对影响石墨烯纳米流体悬浮稳定性因素进行了调研,归纳总结了纳米流体的导热机理、影响因素以及石墨烯纳米流体进展,分析了纳米流体未实现大面积应用的主要原因,同时对石墨烯作为添加剂应用于润滑领域的进展进行了评述。最终提出石墨烯纳米流体协同增强换热与减磨润滑的应用设计。在航天器等应用领域中,由于对石墨烯纳米流体的力热耦合综合性能缺乏广泛研究,以及航天器稳定性和长期运行可靠性等问题,未来的研究应以航天传热工质为基础,进行纳米粒子针对性设计,通过系统开展基于空间环境动态流动换热性能与回路寿命的研究,为未来实现纳米流体的航天器应用奠定理论基础和提供技术支撑。

Research progress in nanofluids with graphene addition

Lubrication and cooling are two important issues in the current industrial field. The former is of great significance to the energy consumption caused by friction, which is directly related to the service reliability and life of the components in the mechanical field. The latter is very important for the management and application of the final generation of thermal energy in the process of energy conversion.Combination of them exists widely in fields such as aerospace, automobile machinery, etc.Addition of nano-materials into working fluid can not only significantly improve the thermal conductivity of heat transfer fluids, but also achieve anti-wear and lubrication of mechanical parts, showing excellent mechanical and thermal comprehensive properties. Nanofluids are a good working medium for both aspects.In this paper, in view of the hotspot of graphene nanofluids, the theoretical basis and method of dispersion of graphene nanofluids were reviewed, and the factors affecting the suspension stability of graphene nanofluids were investigated.The thermal conductivity mechanism, the influencing factors and the current progress of graphene nanofluids were analyzed. The main reasons for the non-large-scale application of nanofluids were analyzed. The progress of graphene as an additive in the field of lubrication was reviewed. Finally, the application design of graphene nanofluid synergistically enhanced heat transfer and antifriction lubrication was proposed. In the current spacecraft and other applications, due to the lack of extensive research on the thermal mechanical coupling performance of graphene nanofluids and the stability of spacecraft and long-term operational reliability, future research should be based on the current aerospace heat transfer medium and focus on the targeted design of nanoparticles.The research on dynamic flow heat transfer performance and loop life based on space environment should be carried out, which will lay a theoretical foundation and provide technical support for the future application of nanofluids in the spacecrafts.