航天飞行器热防护系统低密度烧蚀防热材料研究进展

当前,树脂基烧蚀防热仍被认为是最有效、最可靠、最成熟和最经济的一种热防护方式,在航天飞行器热防护系统中普遍采用。近些年在载人航天、探月工程、深空探测和新型航天飞行器系列工程的需求牵引下,本团队开发了蜂窝增强低密度材料、新型防隔热一体化材料、轻质烧蚀维形材料等先进防热复合材料,并开展了相应的应用基础以及工程应用研究工作,对烧蚀材料复杂防热机理及多重防热机制的协同作用进行了探索研究。随着再入/进入航天飞行器先进热防护系统需求的发展,功能多样化、兼容与集成是低密度树脂基烧蚀防热材料的主要发展趋势。

Research progress in low-density ablative materials for thermal protection system of aerospace flight vehicles

At present,ablation is still considered as one of the most effective,reliable,mature and economical thermal protection methods,which is widely used in thermal protection systems(TPS)of aerospace flight vehicles.Recent years,series of advanced lightweight ablative composites(LAC)were developed driven by major projects such as manned space flight,lunar exploration program,deep space exploration,and near space flight vehicles.Particularly,material's developing,engineering application and corresponding applied basic research of LACs filled in honeycombs and new LAC integrated ablation&insulation were emphatically introduced.Furthermore,complicated ablative mechanisms and synergistic effects of multiple thermal protection methods were explored.With the development of advanced TPS demand,multi-functionalization,compatibility and integration are the main development tendency of LAC for earth reentry or atmospheric entry aerospace flight vehicles.