用途管制中相邻关系的重构--先占原则vs科斯定理

用途管制本质上是对土地发展权配置,对相邻关系的规范以及对空间利益平衡的过程。相邻关系是一项在用途管制中界定、保护与激励土地使用的重要制度,也是改善人居环境的基本制度。相邻关系是民法中的概念,以规划为依据的用途管制改变了相邻关系的界定方式与表现形态,其界定由民法范式转向了公法范式。用途管制采用的是整体主义的方法论以及事前干预的方式重新界定了相邻关系。规划并没有完全界定相邻关系,所留在公共领域的部分则是按照排队原理进行配置。由于交易成本的存在,土地使用效率的提升需要基于公平的相邻关系的制度设计。在相邻关系的界定中,以公法规范为主体的用途管制并不排除民法规范和公序良俗的运用。

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ADJACENT RELATION IN THE LAND-USE REGULATION: PREEMPTION PRINCIPLE VS COASE THEOREM

The task of land-use regulation essentially is to allocate the land development right,standardize the adjacent relation,and balance the spatial interests.Adjacent relation is an important system for defining,preserving and motivating the land use,and also a basic system for improving human settlement.The adjacent relation is a concept from the civil law,and the land-use regulation based on related planning has changed the definition standard and expression form of adjacent relation,and thus changed the methodology of defining the adjacent relation from the civil law paradigm to the public law paradigm.The adjacent relation is defined by means of the holism methodology and the exante-intervention in the land-use regulation.The works in defining the adjacent relation are not finished in the planning period,and the rests remain in public domain is distributed according to the queue principle in the period of the land-use regulation.Because of the transaction costs,the promotion of land use efficiency is based on a fair institutional design for the adjacent relation.In the land-use regulation,civil law standards and the good custom could be useful,even though the land-use regulation is governed by the public law standards.