人造固态电解质界面在锂金属负极保护中的应用研究

锂金属具有最低的氧化还原电位(-3.04V vs标准氢电极)和极高的比容量(3860mAh·g^-1),是理想的锂二次电池负极材料.然而电化学循环过程中,由于锂的不均匀成核生长,其表面产生锂枝晶,锂枝晶持续生长会刺穿隔膜,造成电池短路甚至引发火灾.因此需要对锂金属负极进行保护,抑制负面问题,发挥高性能.人造固态电解质界面技术是一种有效的锂金属负极保护策略,本质是预先在锂金属表面涂覆上保护层,保护层具有较高的离子传导性和电化学稳定性、较好的阻隔性和机械强度,可得到高效率、长寿命和无枝晶的锂金属负极.本文将近年来人造固态电解质界面在锂金属负极保护中的研究进展进行综述,对其制备方法、结构特点、锂金属负极循环性能、全电池电化学性能等方面作了详细介绍,分析当前存在问题并指出锂金属负极研究不仅需要加深机理研究还得与实际应用相结合.

Research and application of artificial solid electrolyte interphases for lithium metal anodes protection

Lithium metal has the lowest redox potential(-3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode)and extremely high specific capacity(3860 mAh·g-1),making it the ideal anodes materials for lithium secondary batteries.However,during the electrochemical cycling,due to the nonuniform nucleation growth of lithium,lithium dendrites are generated on its surface,and continue to grow and pierce the separator,causing short-circuiting of the batteries and even a fire.In the face of increasing energy density requirements,lithium metal anodes have once again become the focus all over the world.Therefore,it is necessary to protect the lithium metal anodes,suppress negative problems,and exert high performance.The artificial solid electrolyte interphase technology is an effective protection strategy for lithium metal anodes,which is essentially coating the surface of lithium metal with protective layers in advance.The artificial solid electrolyte interphase layers should have good ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability,high barrier property and mechanical strength,which can make the lithium metal anodes have high efficiency,long-term life and dendrites-free properties.The artificial solid electrolyte interphase technology brings hope to lithium metal anodes applications.In this review,the research progress of artificial solid electrolyte interphase strategy for lithium metal anodes protection in recent years was reviewed,the preparation methods,structural characteristics,cycling performances of lithium metal anodes and other aspects were introduced in detail.The specific application and performances of artificial solid electrolyte interphases in lithium secondary batteries were for summarized.Moreover,the current problems were analysed and it was pointed out that for researches of lithium metal anodes,not only the mechanism research need to be strengthed,but also needs to be combined with practical applications.